Decreases in MHC-I expression reduce the strength of the inhibitory signals delivered to NK cells, rendering these cells more prone to activation. Inhibitory receptors are essential for sensing decreases in or total absence of constitutively expressed self MHC-I molecules on target cells. 1 NK cells express an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, the engagement of which regulates NK cell activation. NK cells are endowed with the capacity to kill stressed cells, such as infected cells and tumor cells, without specific prior activation, in humans and mice. Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes in the ILC family. Bone marrow NK cells from AML patients exhibited reduced levels of CD160, but the CD160 high group had a significantly higher survival rate. Transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow NK cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited stress-induced repression of NK cell effector functions, highlighting the profound impact of this disease on NK cell heterogeneity. Pseudotime analysis identified a subset of resident CD56 bright NK cells, NK0 cells, as the precursor of both circulating CD56 dim NK1-like NK cells and CD56 bright NK2-like NK cells in human bone marrow and spleen under physiological conditions. Among human and mouse NK cells from the spleen and blood, we previously identified by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) two similar major subsets, NK1 and NK2. Using the same technology, we report here the identification, by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), of three NK cell subpopulations in human bone marrow. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in the killing of infected and tumor cells.
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